Electric regulation



J. L.-' CREVELING.

ELECTRIC REGULATION. APPLICATION FILED JAN. 15. I912- RENEWED AUG. I5.1918.

1,380,885. PatentedJuneY, 1921.

WITNESSES INVENTOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN L. CREVELING, OF NEW YORK, N. 2., ASSIGNOR TO SAFETY CAR HEATINGAND LIGHTING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

ELECTRIC REGULATION.

1,380,885. Application filed January 15, 1912, Serial T 0 all whom itmay-concern L Be it known that 1, JOHN L. CREVELING, a resident of NewYork, in the county and State of New York, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Electric Regulation, as set forth in the annexedspeci-' fication and drawing, forminga part thereof.

My invention pertains to that class of electric regulation wherein it isdesired to automatically regulate a dynamo or generator in apredetermined manner.

As my invention is particularly applicable to systems of electricdistribution wherein a variable speed dynamo is used to charge a storagebattery and operate lamps or other translating devices, it will bedescribed with reference to such a system.

In the drawing Figure 1 is a diagrammatic representation of one type ofsystem embodying the essentials of my invention.

Fig. 2 is another form of a portion of the system shown in Fig. 1.

In the drawing, referring to Fig. 1, 1 represents a. dynamo or generatorprovided with a field exciting coil 2 in shunt across the generator andhaving in series therewith the variable resistance. indicated at 3, the

value of which depends upon the position ofthe contact arm 4 asindicated conventionally. 5 represents the positive lead of thegenerator which is connected with one end of a differential series coil6 opposing the magneto-motive force of the coil 2 and having itsopposite terminal connected as by the wire 7 to the positive side of thestorage battery 8, and the lead 5 continues to the positive side of thelamps or other translating devices indicated at 9. The negativeterminals of the lamps or translating devices 9 are connected with themain 10 which is led to the insulated lever 11 cooperating with thevariable resistance 12 in such manner that the position of the lever 11determines the dimensions of the resistance 12 in series with the main10. The resistance 12 has one end in communication with the main 13connected with the negative side of "the storage battery 8 and one sideof the automatic switch 14, the opposite side of which isconnectedwiththe negative terminal of the generator asby lead 15. The automaticswitch 14 is preferably one of. that type adapted to close the generatorcircuit when the voltage of, the generator is substantiallySpecification of Letters Patent.

Patented J une 7,1921.

No. 671,166. Renewed August 15, 1918. Serial No. 250,080.

equal to that of the storage. battery and to open the same when thegenerator voltage is very slightly below that of the battery, and asmany switches of this character are well known in the art, one of thewell-known types is merely represented in the drawing diagrammaticallyin order todenote its presence. The levers 4 and 11 are insulated fromand carried by a member pivoted at 18 and provided with an arm 19carrying at one extremity a core of iron or other magnetic materialindicated at 20, surrounded by a solenoid 21 in shunt across thetranslation circuit and tending when energized to draw the core 20downwardly and depress the lever 19. The adjustable spring 17 normallytends todraw the levers 4, 11 and 19 into the position shown in thedrawing, and the stop 16 limits the motion that may be given the leversby the said spring 17 in a counter-clockwise direction.

In Fig. 2 a slightly. different form of resistance device is shown, thesame being so constructed that resistance 12 may be inserted in thetranslation circuit without af fecting the regulation of the generatorthroughout a predetermined motion of the levers for a purpose as willhereinafter appear and the coil 21 is across the battery circuit.

An operation of my invention is substantially as follows:

Starting with the generator at rest and the storage battery supplyingthe lamps or translating devices, under which conditions back dischargefrom the battery to the generator will be interrupted by the switch 14,current will flow to the translating devices as follows:

From the battery 8 through the wire 7, differential coil 6, lead 5,translating devices 9, lead 10, lever 11, resistance 12 and main 13 tothe battery. The battery current thus flowing through the coil 6 in thereverse direction to the charging current will tend to energize thegenerator field and tend to make the same pick up at low speed. If, now,the generator be started current will flow from the generator throughthe field coil 2, resistance device 3 and lever 4 and this field currentmay be regulated by manipulation of resistance 3. If the generator speedbe such that its 'voltagebe substantially equal to that ofthe batfromexceeding certain limits upon in-- tery, the fine wire closing coil ofthe switch 14 in shunt across the generator will cause the switch toclose and then if the generator voltage be raised unt1l sufficient tocharge the storage battery and supply current to the lamps ortranslating devices, current will flow from the generator 1 through lead5, differential coil 6, wire 7 and battery 8 to the main 13 and thenceto the switch 14; and throu'ghswitch 14 and the coarse winding thereofin such manner as to assist in holding the switch closed and thenthrough 15 to the generator. Current will also flow from the lead 5through the translating devices 9, main 10, resistance device 12 andlead 13 to the genera-tor, and it will be obvious that the currentflowing fromthe generator to the battery 8 will, by passing through thedifferential coil 6, tend to cut down the field excitation set up by thefield coil 2 and in this way cause the generator to be self-regulatedfor increase in speed. That. is, the speed of the generator may begreatly increased without increasing the voltage thereof proportionatelyowing to the fact that slight increases in voltage will causeconsiderable increases in current in the coil 6 due to the factthat thebattery 8 is of low resistance and may be treated as acounter-electromotive force element having very low resistance. However,in order to charge the battery 8 there must necessarily be a highervoltage across its terminals than the battery has across its terminalswhen supplying current to the translating devices, and I so adjust thespring 17 that when the voltage across the translating circuit is equalto the normal voltage that can be supplied by the battery anyappreciable increase above amount will cause the solenoid 21 to. drawthe core 20 downwardly so as to. swing the arm 19 and thus move thelever 11- to increase the resistance 12 and hold the voltage upon thetranslating circuit substantially constant. This movement of the core 20will cause the resistance 3 to be inserted in gircuit with the fieldcoil 2 and'diminish the charging current from the generator necessary inthe coil 6 to prevent the said charging current creases in speed.Thafi'i's, iff the battery voltage rise, as for example, as'the same isapproaching a charged condition, the generator voltage will also tend torise therewith and maintain a substantially constant current in the coil6 for agiven speed for example. However, as the resistance 12 isinserted'by the coil 21 to compensate for this rise and hold the lampcircuit voltage constant, it will also increase the resistance in serieswith the coil 2 and, therefore, require a lesser current in the coil 6with the result that the generator output for a given condition will belessened as the voltage across the battery rises and, as the samebecomes charged, its charging current will become tapered.

- If the resistance device be of that type shown in Fig. 2, it may beconnected as shown in Fig. 1 with the solenoid 21 across the translationcircuit and the operation will be substantially the same as that abovedescribed, with the exception that resistance may be inserted in thetranslation circuit to compensate for certain rises in voltage acrossthe generator and battery without inserting any resistance in the fieldcircuit. That is, for example, the solenoid 21 may swing the levers 4and 11 throughout a certain arc and insert resistance in the translationcircuit while the lever 4 still remains upon the blank segment of theresistance device 3, and, therefore, cause no appreciable change in theresistance in series with the field circuit, which is an operationsometimes found to be desirable. If either of the resistance devicesshown in Figs. 1 and 2 be connected as shown in Fig. 2 with the solenoid21 across the generator and battery circuit, substantially the sameoperation as above outlined willtake place with the exception that thevariation in voltage across the generator andbattery circuit may be usedto insert resistance into the lamp circuit for the purpose of regulatingits voltage and to operate the field regulating resistance.

- I do not wish in any way to limit myself to the details ofconstruction nor to the exact mode of operation set forth in thisspecification and drawing to illustrate one type of system embodying theessentials of my invention, for it is obvious that wide departure may bemade in the way of details without departing from the spirit and scopeof my invention, which is as set forth in the following claims:

1. The combination with a generator and its field coil, a storagebattery and a work circuit, of a coil responsive to battery currentfluctuations for directly regulating the field of said generator, aregulator in the work circuit for regulating the potential thereof, acoil for controlling said regulator responsive to voltage fluctuationsand means whereby said regulator cooperates with said gui'gent coil inthe control of the generator 2. The combination with a generator, a workcircuit, a storage battery, a battery current responsive coil directlyregulating the generator, a regulator for the translation circuit andmeans for operating the same responsive to voltage fluctuations, ofmeans whereby said regulator cooperates with the current'responsive coilin'the regulation of the generator.

3. The combination with a generator, :1. work circuit, a storage batteryand means responsive to battery current fluctuations directly regulatingthe generator, of means for regulating the work circuit voltage, a coilresponsive to voltage fluctuations for controlling the same and meanswhereby said .the work circuit responsive to voltage fluctuations andmeans whereby said last mentioned means cooperates with the firstmentioned means in the regulation of the generator.

5. The combination with a work circuit, a storage battery, and agenerator having a shunt field coil, of batterycurrent responsive meansdirectly affecting the generator field, voltage responsive means foraffecting the work circuit, and means whereby the voltage responsivemeans cooperateswith the current responsive means in the regulation ofthe generator.

6. The combination with a work circuit, a storage battery, a generatorsupplying the same and a battery current coil directly affecting theregulation of said generator,-of voltage responsive means for regulatingthe work circuit and means whereby said voltage responsive meanscooperates with the current responsive coil in the regulation of thegenerator.

7. The combination with a storage battery, a generator, battery currentresponsive directly regulating means therefor, and a translationcircuit, of means responsive to fluctuations in voltage for regulatingthe translation circuit and affecting the generator.

8. The combination with a generator, a storage battery, and a workcircuit, of differential means responsive to battery-charging currentand constantly operative for regulating the generator, and meansoperated by variations in voltage tending to hold the work circuitvoltage constant and independently affect current regulation of thegenerator.

9. A system of electrical distribution comprehending a storage battery,a generator, a current responsive directly regulating means therefor anda work circuit combined with voltage operated means for holdin thevoltage across the work circuit substantially constant throughoutvariations in voltage across the generator and means actuated thereby toassist the current responsive means in the regulation of the generator.

10. A system of electrical distribution comprehending a storage battery,a gen erator, battery current responsive means directly regulating thesame,a storage battery and a work circuit, combined with means in thework circuit capable of altering the voltage thereof, means responsiveto changes in voltage for operating said voltage altering means to holdthe voltage across the work circuit substantially constant throughoutchanges in storage battery and generator voltage and means whereby said,operating means affects the regulation of the generator.

11. A system of electrical distribution comprehending a storage battery,a generator, battery current affected means for directly regulating thesame and a work circuit, of means in the work circuit affecting thevoltage thereof, means for operating the same affected by voltagefluctuations and means cooperating therewith to assist the currentresponsive means in the regulation of the generator. 1

12. A system of electrical distribution comprehending a storage battery,a generator, battery current responsive means directly affecting theregulation thereof, a work circuit and means for affecting the voltageupon the same, a voltage responsive coil for operating said means andmeans operated by said coil for affecting the regulation of thegenerator.

13. The combination with a storage battery, a generator having a fieldcircuit, and

a work circuit, of a coil responsive to battery current fluctuationsdirectly afiecting the regulator responsive to voltage fluctuations andmeans whereby said regulator cooperates with said current coil affectingthe generator field.

14:. The combination with a storage battery, a generator, a Work circuitand a battery current responsive coil directly affect.- ing the outputof the generator, of a regulator for the work circuit, means foroperating the same responsive to voltage fluctuations and means wherebysaid regulator cooperates with the current responsive coil in theregulation of the generator.

15. The combination with a storage battery, a work circuit, a generatorand a shunt field circuit therefor, of battery current responsive meansdirectly affecting said field circuit, voltage responsive means foraffecting the work circuit and means whereby the voltage responsivemeans affects the shunt field circui 16. The combination with a storagebattery,a generator, a shunt coil maintaining a field circuit thereforandbattery current responsive means directly affecting said fieldcircuit, of voltage responsive means for affecting the work circuit andmeans whereby the voltage responsive means cooperates with the currentresponsive means in the regulation of the generator.

17. The combinationwith a storage battery, a generator having a fieldcircuit,;battery current responsive means directly affect: ing saidfield circuit and a work circuit, of means operated by variations involtage for affecting the voltage upon the work circuit and meansoperated thereby to affect the generator field circuit.

18. A system of electrical distribution comprehending a storage battery,a generator having a field exciting coil, battery current responsivemeans directly influencing the effect of said coil and a work circuit,of means in the work circuit affecting the voltage thereof, means foroperating the same affected by voltage fluctuations and means operatedthereby affecting the current in said exciting coil.

19. A system of electrical distribution comprehending a storage battery,a genera tor provided with a field magnet, battery current responsivemeans magnetically affecting said field magnet, a work circuit and meansfor affecting the voltage upon the same, a voltage responsive means foroperating said affecting means and means controlled thereby foraffecting the strength of said field magnet.

20. The combination with a storage battery, a work circuit and agenerator provided with a field exciting coil, of an opposing coilresponsive to battery current fluctuations, voltage responsiveregulating means for affecting the work circuit and means controlledthereby for affecting the operation of the field exciting coil.

21. The combination with a storage battery, a work circuit and agenerator having means affects the exciting value of the field excitingcoil.

22. The combination with a storage battery, a work circuit, a generatorprovided with an armature and a field exciting coil responsive tovoltage fluctuations of said armature, of means for regulating the generator comprehending an opposing coil responsive to battery currentfluctuations, means for regulating the work circuit responsive tovoltage fluctuations and means whereby said voltage fluctuations affectthe effect of the field exciting coil.

23. The combination with a storage battery, a work circuit and agenerator provided with a field exciting coil, of an internal regulatingmeans responsive to battery current fluctuations opposing the effect ofsaid coil and voltage operated means for regulating the work circuit andaffecting the field exciting coil.

24;. The combination with a generator having means for self-regulationfor increase in speed, including means responsive to battery chargingcurrent, a work circuit, a

regulator for the latter, and means cooper ating with the work circuitregulator for affecting the action of the generator in itsself-regulation.

' JOHN. L. CREVELING.

Witnesses ANNA M. WALL, ISADORE FINKLER.

